Introduction
Jasmine is a genus of shrubs and vines in the olive family (Oleaceae), containing around 200 species native to tropical and warm temperate regions of Eurasia, Australasia, and Oceania.
Scientific Classification
| Kingdom | Order | Family | Tribe | Genus | Type Species |
|---|
| Plantae | Lamiales | Oleaceae | Jasmineae | Jasminum L. | Jasminum officinale L. |
Species
Jasmine has more than 200 species. Some selected species include:
- J. humile L. – Italian jasmine
- J. adenophyllum Wall. – bluegrape jasmine
- J. mesnyi Hance – Japanese jasmine
- J. auriculatum Vahl – Indian jasmine
- J. sambac (L.) Aiton – Arabian jasmine
Description
Jasmines can be either deciduous or evergreen, with leaves that can be simple, trifoliate, or pinnate. The flowers are typically around 2.5 cm in diameter, white or yellow, and very fragrant.
Distribution and Habitat
Jasmines are native to tropical and subtropical regions, with a center of diversity in South Asia and Southeast Asia. Some species have become naturalized in Mediterranean Europe.
Uses
Jasmine is widely cultivated for its flowers, used in gardens, as house plants, and for making garlands and bouquets. It is also culturally significant in many regions.
Cultivation
Jasmine can be cultivated in a wide range of soils, but thrives in well-drained rich sandy loam. Ideal conditions include warm summers with ample water supply.
Varieties
Recommended varieties include Gundumalli (Jasminum sambac), Co-1, and Co-2 (J. auriculatum).
Land Preparation and Planting
Initial ploughing is required to remove weeds, followed by digging pits of size 30 cu. m. Each pit should have 10 kg of Farm Yard Manure (FYM) before planting rooted cuttings.
Irrigation
Irrigation should be done immediately after planting and then every 7-10 days depending on weather and soil conditions.
Manuring
Each plant should receive 10 kg of FYM, 60 g of Nitrogen, and 120 g each of Phosphorus and Potassium in two split doses.
Inter-Cultural Operations
Weeding and strengthening irrigation channels are essential. The first weeding should occur 20-25 days after planting.
Pruning
Pruning is done to shape the plant and improve yield. It is advisable to prune during the last week of November.
Plant Protection
Major pests include bud worm and red spider mite. Control measures include spraying monocrotophos and sulfur. Root rot and nematode infestation are common diseases.
Season of Flowering and Harvesting
Flowering begins six months after planting, with buds picked in the early morning before sunrise.
Yield
Commercial yields can reach 3500 kg per acre after four years, with the economic life of the plant estimated at 15 years.
Conclusion
Jasmine is an attractive flower with significant socio-cultural value and economic potential, making its cultivation profitable.