Ppt on Introduction To Agroecology And Principles Of Sustainable Agriculture

This topic covers the evolution of agriculture from the Stone Age through the Bronze Age to the Iron Age. It highlights key developments in agricultural practices, tools, and societal organization. Understanding these stages is essential for appreciating the origins and progress of modern agriculture. Important academic keywords: agriculture, Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age, domestication.
Introduction to Agricultural Heritage
  • Agricultural heritage refers to the historical development of farming systems.
  • It includes the evolution of tools, crops, and livestock management.
  • Understanding heritage helps trace the origins of modern agriculture.
Stone Age – Beginnings of Agriculture
  • Stone Age: ~10,000 BCE to 3,000 BCE.
  • Humans transitioned from hunting-gathering to settled agriculture.
  • Domestication of plants (wheat, barley) and animals (sheep, goats).
  • Use of simple stone tools for cultivation and harvesting.
Bronze Age – Advancements in Tools and Techniques
  • Bronze Age: ~3,000 BCE to 1,200 BCE.
  • Introduction of bronze tools (ploughs, sickles) improved efficiency.
  • Expansion of irrigation and organized field systems.
  • Development of permanent settlements and surplus food production.
Iron Age – Agricultural Expansion and Societal Changes
  • Iron Age: ~1,200 BCE onwards.
  • Iron tools (ploughs, hoes) enabled cultivation of tougher soils.
  • Increased crop yields and agricultural productivity.
  • Growth of villages and complex societies based on agriculture.
Summary of Agricultural Developments
  • Stone Age: Origin of agriculture and domestication.
  • Bronze Age: Technological advancements and surplus production.
  • Iron Age: Expansion, improved tools, and societal complexity.
  • Each stage laid foundations for modern agricultural systems.