This lecture provides an overview of the fundamental concepts in agriculture, including its definition, branches, importance, and the role of agro-ecological factors. It introduces key terms and the scope of agricultural sciences for students preparing for competitive exams. Emphasis is placed on the significance of agriculture , horticulture , forestry , veterinary science , and agro-ecology .
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Introduction to Agriculture
Agriculture is the science and art of cultivating crops and raising livestock.
It includes soil preparation, planting, crop management, and animal husbandry.
Essential for food, fiber, fuel, and raw materials.
Branches of Agriculture
Agronomy: Study of field crops and soils.
Horticulture: Cultivation of fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants.
Forestry: Management of forests and forest resources.
Animal Husbandry: Rearing of domestic animals.
Veterinary Science: Animal health and disease management.
Importance of Agriculture
Provides food security and nutrition.
Major source of employment in rural areas.
Supports agro-based industries and exports.
Contributes to national income and economic development.
Agro-Ecological Factors
Climate: Temperature, rainfall, humidity affect crop growth.
Soil: Fertility, texture, structure influence productivity.
Water: Essential for irrigation and livestock.
Topography: Landform affects farming practices.
Key Terms in Agriculture
Crop: Cultivated plant for food, fiber, or other uses.
Livestock: Domesticated animals raised for products or labor.
Agro-ecology: Study of ecological processes in agriculture.
Sustainable Agriculture: Practices that maintain productivity and environmental health.
Scope of Agricultural Sciences
Research in crop improvement and protection.
Development of sustainable farming systems.
Application of biotechnology and modern techniques.
Extension services for farmer education.
