Ppt on Citrus Nutrient Deficiencies, Physiological Disorders, Pests, Diseases And Management

• Citrus crops are prone to various nutrient deficiencies, physiological disorders, pests, and diseases.
• Proper identification and management are crucial for healthy growth and high yield.
• Integrated management practices combine cultural, chemical, and biological methods.

• Sudden temperature changes and moisture stress.
• Cracking may be radial or transverse.
• Secondary infection by Aspergillus, Fusarium, or Alternaria possible.

Management:

• Apply light irrigation at frequent intervals.
• Apply potassium during fruit development.

• Juice vesicles become hard, enlarged, and opaque grayish.
• Pulp density increases; juice has more minerals, less carbohydrate and organic acid.
• Lignification of juice cells forms sclerenchyma.

Causes:

• High humidity, temperature fluctuations, excess nitrogen, large fruit size, susceptible rootstocks.
• Young trees and mandarins on Jatti Khatti rootstock are more prone.

Management:

• Avoid excess moisture.
• Spray lime (20 kg in 450 L water).
• Spray zinc (0.5%) and copper (0.5%).

• Exposed fruit develops yellow patches, turning brown and hard.
• Inner portion becomes desiccated and discoloured.
• Fruits malformed, low juice content, may drop; leaves turn brown.

Management:

• Spray lime solution (20 g/L) before summer.
• Regulate irrigation to reduce temperature.
• Mulch tree basins.

• Stunted growth, leaf mottling, yellowing, and shedding.
• Excess flowering, poor fruit set, sun blotching of fruits.

Causes:

• Calcium carbonate or clay in soil, rootstock-scion incompatibility, salinity, waterlogging, poor orchard management.

Management:

• Ensure proper drainage and orchard management.
• Use resistant rootstocks and disease-free budwood.

• Spray dimethoate 2 ml/L + neem oil 3%.

Leaf Caterpillar:

• Apply endosulfan 2 ml/L for moderate to severe infestation.

Sucking Pests (Whitefly):

• Spray quinalphos 2 ml/L.

Nematodes:

• Apply carbofuran 75 g/tree or Pseudomonas fluorescens 20 g/tree.

• Prune dried twigs and spray 0.3% copper oxychloride.

Scab:

• Spray 1% Bordeaux mixture.

Tristeza Virus:

• Remove and destroy infected trees.
• Spray monocrotophos 1 ml/L to control aphid vectors.
• Use pre-immunized seedlings for planting.

• Acid lime starts bearing from the 3rd year after planting.
• Main crop harvested at different times across regions; average yield is 20–25 kg/tree/year.
• Treat fruits with 4% wax emulsion and pre-pack in 200-gauge polythene bags (1% ventilation) to extend shelf life over 10 days.
• Store limes at 18°C for best results.
• Low-cost storage tanks with double-layer brickwork and wet sand interspace can be used for storage.

• Combine cultural, chemical, and biological methods for sustainable citrus production.
• Regular monitoring and early detection of disorders, pests, and diseases.
• Use resistant varieties and healthy planting material.
• Maintain balanced nutrition and proper irrigation.
• Adopt proper pruning, sanitation, and post-harvest handling.