Ppt on Major Diseases Of Cabbage And Cauliflower: Symptoms And Management

This presentation covers major diseases affecting cabbage and cauliflower, focusing on their identification, causal organisms, symptoms, and integrated management. Emphasis is placed on effective integrated pest management (IPM) strategies, including cultural practices, chemical control, biological control, and resistant varieties. Understanding these aspects is essential for sustainable crop production and minimizing yield losses.
Introduction to Cabbage and Cauliflower Diseases
  • Cabbage and cauliflower are susceptible to several fungal, bacterial, and viral diseases.
  • Diseases can cause significant yield and quality losses.
  • Integrated Pest Management (IPM) combines multiple strategies for effective disease control.
  • Accurate identification is crucial for selecting appropriate management methods.
Damping-off
Pathogen: Pythium spp., Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium spp.
Nature: Soil-borne fungal pathogens affecting seedlings.
Symptoms:
  • Seedlings rot at soil level and collapse.
  • Poor germination and patchy stands in nursery beds.
Management:
  • Use well-drained, sterilized nursery beds.
  • Avoid overwatering.
  • Treat seeds with fungicides (e.g., Thiram, Captan).
  • Practice crop rotation.
Downy Mildew
Pathogen: Hyaloperonospora parasitica
Nature: Oomycete fungus, favored by cool, moist conditions.
Symptoms:
  • Yellow spots on upper leaf surface.
  • White, downy growth on lower leaf surface.
  • Stunted plant growth.
Management:
  • Use resistant varieties.
  • Ensure good field drainage and air circulation.
  • Apply fungicides (e.g., Metalaxyl, Mancozeb) as needed.
Black Rot
Pathogen: Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris
Nature: Bacterial disease, spread by water and infected seed.
Symptoms:
  • V-shaped yellow lesions at leaf margins.
  • Blackening of veins.
  • Wilting and stunted growth.
Management:
  • Use certified disease-free seeds.
  • Practice crop rotation (2–3 years).
  • Remove and destroy infected plants.
  • Apply copper-based bactericides if needed.
Alternaria Leaf Spot (Alternaria Blight)
Pathogen: Alternaria brassicae, Alternaria brassicicola
Nature: Fungal disease, favored by humid conditions.
Symptoms:
  • Dark brown to black concentric spots on leaves.
  • Leaf blight and defoliation in severe cases.
Management:
  • Use disease-free seeds and resistant varieties.
  • Remove crop debris after harvest.
  • Apply fungicides (e.g., Mancozeb, Chlorothalonil).
Clubroot
Pathogen: Plasmodiophora brassicae
Nature: Soil-borne protist, persists for years in soil.
Symptoms:
  • Swollen, club-shaped roots.
  • Wilting and stunted growth, especially in acidic soils.
Management:
  • Practice long crop rotation (4–7 years).
  • Apply lime to raise soil pH above 7.0.
  • Use resistant varieties where available.
Integrated Disease Management Strategies
  • Use certified, disease-free seeds and resistant varieties.
  • Practice crop rotation and field sanitation.
  • Monitor fields regularly for early disease detection.
  • Apply biological control agents (e.g., Trichoderma spp.).
  • Use chemical control judiciously, following recommended guidelines.
Summary of Major Diseases and Management
DiseasePathogenKey Management
Damping-offPythium, Rhizoctonia, FusariumSeed treatment, drainage, crop rotation
Downy MildewHyaloperonospora parasiticaResistant varieties, fungicides
Black RotXanthomonas campestrisClean seed, sanitation, copper sprays
Alternaria Leaf SpotAlternaria spp.Resistant varieties, fungicides
ClubrootPlasmodiophora brassicaeCrop rotation, liming, resistant varieties

Objective Questions

Q1. Which crops are the focus of the discussed IPM strategies?
A. Tomato and potato
B. Cabbage and cauliflower
C. Onion and garlic
D. Pea and bean
Answer: B

Q2. What does IPM stand for in the context of crop production?
A. Integrated Plant Management
B. Integrated Pest Management
C. Intensive Pest Management
D. Improved Plant Management
Answer: B

Q3. The diseases discussed are related to which type of crops?
A. Cereals
B. Pulses
C. Vegetables
D. Fruits
Answer: C

Q4. Which of the following is NOT a language option mentioned in the text?
A. French
B. Hindi
C. Bengali
D. Tamil
Answer: A

Q5. The text is primarily concerned with which aspect of agriculture?
A. Harvesting techniques
B. Disease management
C. Irrigation methods
D. Fertilizer application
Answer: B

Q6. Which vegetable is paired with cabbage in the IPM strategies?
A. Broccoli
B. Cauliflower
C. Carrot
D. Spinach
Answer: B

Q7. What is the main goal of IPM in vegetable crops?
A. Increase pesticide use
B. Manage pests and diseases
C. Improve taste
D. Enhance color
Answer: B

Q8. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a crop in the text?
A. Cabbage
B. Cauliflower
C. Potato
D. None of the above
Answer: C

Q9. The discussed IPM strategies are specifically for which group?
A. Fruits
B. Vegetables
C. Grains
D. Oilseeds
Answer: B

Q10. The text refers to management strategies for diseases in which crops?
A. Cabbage and cauliflower
B. Wheat and rice
C. Tomato and brinjal
D. Maize and sorghum
Answer: A