{"id":5818,"date":"2025-11-16T16:17:41","date_gmt":"2025-11-16T10:47:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.agriglance.com\/2025\/11\/16\/ppt-on-mango-cultivation-climate-soil-varieties-planting-and-orchard-management\/"},"modified":"2025-11-16T16:17:41","modified_gmt":"2025-11-16T10:47:41","slug":"ppt-on-mango-cultivation-climate-soil-varieties-planting-and-orchard-management","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agriglance.com\/?p=5818","title":{"rendered":"Ppt on Mango Cultivation: Climate, Soil, Varieties, Planting And Orchard Management"},"content":{"rendered":"
This lecture covers the essential aspects of mango (Mangifera indica) cultivation, including suitable soil<\/strong> and climate<\/strong> requirements, recommended varieties<\/strong>, propagation methods, high-density planting<\/strong>, and best practices for nutrient<\/strong> and water management. It also discusses intercropping, off-season production, and postharvest handling to optimize yield and fruit quality. These concepts are crucial for students preparing for competitive exams in horticulture and allied sciences.<\/div>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Introduction to Mango Cultivation<\/div>\n
\n
    \n
  • Mango (Mangifera indica) is known as the ‘king of fruits’ in India.<\/li>\n
  • India accounts for about 56% of global mango production.<\/li>\n
  • Major producing states: Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Maharashtra, West Bengal, Gujarat.<\/li>\n
  • Mango contributes nearly 39.5% of India’s total fruit production.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
    \n
    Soil and Climate Requirements<\/div>\n
    Soil:<\/strong><\/p>\n
      \n
    • Grows in alluvial to lateritic soils; avoid poorly drained black cotton soils.<\/li>\n
    • Prefers slightly acidic soils (pH 5.5\u20137.5); poor growth above pH 7.5.<\/li>\n
    • Good drainage is essential for healthy growth.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Climate:<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \n
      • Tropical to subtropical; can be grown up to 1,100 m above sea level.<\/li>\n
      • Optimal temperature: 24\u201327\u00b0C; higher temperatures improve fruit quality.<\/li>\n
      • Requires 25\u2013250 cm annual rainfall; avoid high humidity and frost during flowering.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
        \n
        Major Mango Varieties in India<\/div>\n
        \n
          \n
        • Over 1,000 varieties exist; about 20 are commercially important.<\/li>\n
        • Popular varieties: Alphonso, Banganapalli, Bombay Green, Chausa, Dashehari, Fazli, Gulab Khas, Himsagar, Kesar, Kishenbhog, Langra, Mankurad, Neelum, Pairi, Totapuri.<\/li>\n
        • Varietal preference varies by state and region.<\/li>\n
        • North Indian varieties often alternate-bearers; South Indian varieties are generally regular-bearers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
          \n
          Important Mango Hybrids and Clonal Selections<\/div>\n
          \n
          \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          Hybrid<\/th>\nParentage<\/th>\nKey Features<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
          Mallika<\/td>\nNeelum \u00d7 Dashehari<\/td>\nRegular-bearer, high TSS, good colour, uniform fruits<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Amrapali<\/td>\nDashehari \u00d7 Neelum<\/td>\nDwarf, regular-bearer, cluster-bearing, good keeping quality<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Ratna<\/td>\nNeelum \u00d7 Alphonso<\/td>\nRegular-bearer, free from spongy tissue and fibre<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Sindhu<\/td>\nRatna \u00d7 Alphonso<\/td>\nRegular-bearer, thin stone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Arka Puneet<\/td>\nAlphonso \u00d7 Banganapalli<\/td>\nRegular-bearer, attractive skin, good keeping quality<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
          \n
          Propagation Methods<\/div>\n
          \n
            \n
          • Mango is highly heterozygous and cross-pollinated.<\/li>\n
          • Polyembryonic varieties (mainly in South India) can be grown from seed; monoembryonic (North India) require vegetative propagation.<\/li>\n
          • Common propagation methods: inarching, veneer grafting, side grafting, epicotyl\/stone grafting.<\/li>\n
          • Rootstock seedlings are raised from fresh seeds (sown within 4\u20135 weeks of extraction).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
            \n
            Planting Systems and Spacing<\/div>\n
            \n
              \n
            • Planting systems: square, rectangular, and hexagonal; square and rectangular are most common.<\/li>\n
            • Spacing depends on variety vigor and cropping system; typically 10\u201312 m for traditional planting.<\/li>\n
            • Pits of 1 m \u00d7 1 m \u00d7 1 m are prepared and filled with well-rotted farmyard manure.<\/li>\n
            • Planting is best done during the rainy season (June\u2013September).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
              \n
              High-Density Planting in Mango<\/div>\n
              \n
                \n
              • High-density planting increases yield per unit area.<\/li>\n
              • Amrapali is suitable for high-density planting (2.5 m \u00d7 2.5 m spacing).<\/li>\n
              • Paclobutrazol (2 ml\/tree) induces flowering in off-years.<\/li>\n
              • Pruning and use of dwarfing rootstocks (e.g., Vellaikolumban) help manage tree size.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                \n
                Training, Pruning, and Aftercare<\/div>\n
                \n
                  \n
                • Training is essential in early years to develop a strong framework.<\/li>\n
                • Proper branch spacing facilitates intercultural operations.<\/li>\n
                • Pruning is minimal; mainly removal of diseased, dead, or crossing branches.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                  \n
                  Nutrient and Water Management<\/div>\n
                  Manuring and Fertilization:<\/strong><\/p>\n
                    \n
                  • Apply 73 g N, 18 g P2O5, 68 g K2O per year of age (up to 10 years).<\/li>\n
                  • After 10 years: 730 g N, 180 g P2O5, 680 g K2O per tree\/year in two split doses (June\u2013July, Sept\u2013Oct).<\/li>\n
                  • Correct micronutrient deficiencies with foliar sprays: 0.3% zinc sulphate, 0.5% borax, 0.5% manganese sulphate.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    Irrigation:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • Young plants (up to 2 years) require regular watering (about 30 L\/week).<\/li>\n
                    • Irrigation during pre-flowering and fruit set increases yield.<\/li>\n
                    • Established trees: irrigate at 10-day intervals after fruit set.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                      \n
                      Intercropping and Cover Crops<\/div>\n
                      \n
                        \n
                      • Intercropping reduces weed growth and nutrient loss.<\/li>\n
                      • Suitable intercrops: blackgram, wheat, brinjal, onion.<\/li>\n
                      • Cover crops like sunhemp, cowpea, and pea help prevent soil erosion.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                        \n
                        Harvesting and Postharvest Management<\/div>\n
                        \n
                          \n
                        • Harvest mangoes with pedicel to reduce injury and fungal infection.<\/li>\n
                        • Average yield: 8 tonnes\/ha; 1,000\u20132,000 fruits\/tree during bearing age.<\/li>\n
                        • Sort and grade fruits by size; use proper packaging (perforated cardboard boxes preferred).<\/li>\n
                        • Store mature green mangoes at 5\u201316\u00b0C; avoid chilling injury.<\/li>\n
                        • Postharvest treatments: waxing, hot-water treatment, individual wrapping, hydro-cooling extend shelf life.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                          \n
                          Summary and Key Points<\/div>\n
                          \n
                            \n
                          • Mango thrives in well-drained, slightly acidic soils and warm, humid climates.<\/li>\n
                          • Choose suitable varieties and hybrids for region and market demand.<\/li>\n
                          • Adopt high-density planting and proper nutrient management for higher productivity.<\/li>\n
                          • Intercropping and postharvest care improve sustainability and fruit quality.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                            <\/div>\n
                            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                            \n

                            Objective Questions<\/h2>\n
                            Q1. Which state leads in total mango production in India?\nA. Uttar Pradesh\nB. Andhra Pradesh\nC. Maharashtra\nD. Bihar\nAnswer: B\n\nQ2. Mango cultivation is NOT recommended in which type of soil?\nA. Alluvial\nB. Lateritic\nC. Black cotton with poor drainage\nD. Slightly acidic\nAnswer: C\n\nQ3. Which mango variety is mainly grown in the Ratnagiri area of Maharashtra?\nA. Kesar\nB. Banganapalli\nC. Alphonso\nD. Langra\nAnswer: C\n\nQ4. Which hybrid mango is a result of crossing Neelum and Dashehari?\nA. Mallika\nB. Amrapali\nC. Ratna\nD. Sindhu\nAnswer: A\n\nQ5. Which propagation method is widely practiced in the Konkan region of Maharashtra?\nA. Inarching\nB. Veneer grafting\nC. Epicotyl\/stone grafting\nD. Side grafting\nAnswer: C\n\nQ6. What is the recommended spacing for high-density planting of Amrapali mango in North India?\nA. 5m x 5m\nB. 2.5m x 2.5m\nC. 4m x 4m\nD. 3m x 3m\nAnswer: B\n\nQ7. Which nutrient should be sprayed at 0.3% concentration during February, March, and May to correct deficiency in mango?\nA. Borax\nB. Zinc sulphate\nC. Manganese sulphate\nD. Ammonium sulphate\nAnswer: B\n\nQ8. Which intercropping combination provides better monetary benefits in mango orchards?\nA. Sunhemp-cowpea-mango\nB. Blackgram-wheat-mango\nC. Pea-sunhemp-mango\nD. Cowpea-brinjal-mango\nAnswer: B\n\nQ9. Which mango variety is a biennial-bearer and has characteristic turpentine flavour?\nA. Himsagar\nB. Langra\nC. Kesar\nD. Neelum\nAnswer: B\n\nQ10. What is a major symptom of chilling injury in mangoes stored at low temperatures?\nA. Fruit splitting\nB. Loss of flavour and undesirable softening\nC. Increased sweetness\nD. Enhanced colour development\nAnswer: B<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
                            This lecture covers the essential aspects of mango (Mangifera indica) cultivation, including suitable soil and climate requirements, recommended varieties, propagation methods, high-density planting, and best practices for nutrient and water management. It also discusses intercropping, off-season production, and postharvest handling to optimize yield and fruit quality. These concepts are crucial for students preparing for competitive […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[116],"tags":[1010,185,1012,372,1078],"class_list":["post-5818","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ppt-agriculture","tag-high-density-planting","tag-horticulture","tag-icar-exam","tag-mango","tag-nutrient-management"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.agriglance.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5818","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.agriglance.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.agriglance.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.agriglance.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.agriglance.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5818"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.agriglance.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5818\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.agriglance.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5818"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.agriglance.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5818"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.agriglance.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5818"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}