{"id":5819,"date":"2025-11-16T16:20:31","date_gmt":"2025-11-16T10:50:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.agriglance.com\/2025\/11\/16\/ppt-on-major-physiological-disorders-pests-diseases-and-management-in-mango\/"},"modified":"2025-11-16T16:20:31","modified_gmt":"2025-11-16T10:50:31","slug":"ppt-on-major-physiological-disorders-pests-diseases-and-management-in-mango","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agriglance.com\/?p=5819","title":{"rendered":"Ppt on Major Physiological Disorders, Pests, Diseases And Management In Mango"},"content":{"rendered":"
This lecture covers the major problems, physiological disorders, pests, diseases, and integrated management practices in mango cultivation. Key issues such as alternate bearing, mango malformation, and spongy tissue are discussed, along with important pests and diseases affecting mango. Emphasis is placed on effective management strategies to ensure sustainable production and improved fruit quality. Important academic keywords include physiological disorders<\/strong>, alternate bearing<\/strong>, malformation<\/strong>, integrated management<\/strong>, and pests<\/strong>.<\/div>\n
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Introduction to Major Problems in Mango<\/div>\n
\n
    \n
  • Mango faces several physiological disorders<\/strong>, pests, and diseases affecting yield and quality.<\/li>\n
  • Major problems include alternate bearing, malformation, spongy tissue, and fruit drop.<\/li>\n
  • Effective integrated management<\/strong> is essential for sustainable production.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
    \n
    Alternate Bearing<\/div>\n
    Definition:<\/strong><\/p>\n
      \n
    • Irregular fruiting pattern with heavy crop one year and little or none the next.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Occurrence:<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \n
      • Common in north Indian varieties; south Indian varieties are mostly regular bearers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Management:<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \n
        • Soil drenching with paclobutrazol (5\u201310 g\/tree) induces flowering and increases yield.<\/li>\n
        • Proper nutrition and irrigation management help reduce alternate bearing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
          \n
          Mango Malformation<\/div>\n
          Types:<\/strong><\/p>\n
            \n
          • Vegetative malformation (common in seedlings and young plants).<\/li>\n
          • Floral malformation (affects bearing trees, reduces productivity).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Symptoms:<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \n
            • Bunchy top: compact leaves at shoot apex; arrested shoot growth.<\/li>\n
            • Malformed panicles in floral malformation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Management:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                \n
              • Deblossoming and spraying 200 ppm NAA reduce malformed panicles.<\/li>\n
              • Remove and destroy affected shoots and panicles.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                \n
                Black Tip Disorder<\/div>\n
                Symptoms:<\/strong><\/p>\n
                  \n
                • Distal end of fruit turns black, hardens, and ripens prematurely.<\/li>\n
                • Affected fruits become unmarketable.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  Causes:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • Smoke from brick-kilns (CO, CO2, SO2, acetylene) within 600 m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    Management:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • Increase chimney height of brick-kilns.<\/li>\n
                    • Spray borax (0.6%) at 10\u201314 day intervals from fruit set.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                      \n
                      Clustering (Jhumka)<\/div>\n
                      Symptoms:<\/strong><\/p>\n
                        \n
                      • Cluster of small, dark green fruitlets at panicle tip (bunch tip).<\/li>\n
                      • Fruitlets grow to marble size, then growth ceases.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        Causes:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • Adverse climate, especially low temperature during February\u2013March.<\/li>\n
                        • Poor embryo development.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          Management:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                            \n
                          • Protect trees from adverse weather; select tolerant varieties.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                            \n
                            Spongy Tissue<\/div>\n
                            Occurrence:<\/strong><\/p>\n
                              \n
                            • Specific to Alphonso mango; affects export quality.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                              Symptoms:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                \n
                              • Normal external appearance; internal flesh patch is spongy, yellowish, and sour.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                Causes:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                  \n
                                • High temperature, convective heat, post-harvest sun exposure.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                  Management:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                    \n
                                  • Use sod culture and mulching to reduce incidence.<\/li>\n
                                  • Harvest at three-fourths maturity.<\/li>\n
                                  • Use resistant hybrids (e.g., Ratna, Arka Puneet).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                                    \n
                                    Fruit Drop and Use of Growth Regulators<\/div>\n
                                    Problem:<\/strong><\/p>\n
                                      \n
                                    • High fruit drop rate, especially in first four weeks after fruit set (up to 99%).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                      Management:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                        \n
                                      • Regular irrigation during fruit development.<\/li>\n
                                      • Timely pest and disease control.<\/li>\n
                                      • Apply NAA (50 ppm) or 2,4-D (20 ppm) six weeks after fruit set.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                                        \n
                                        Major Pests of Mango and Their Management<\/div>\n
                                        Mango Hopper (Idioscopus spp., Amritodus atkinsoni):<\/strong><\/p>\n
                                          \n
                                        • Spray phosalone 0.05%, carbaryl 2 g\/L, or phosphamidon 1 mL\/L.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                          Nut Weevil (Cryptorrhynchus mangiferae):<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                            \n
                                          • Maintain orchard cleanliness; destroy adults in bark crevices.<\/li>\n
                                          • Spray fenthion 0.1%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                            Stem Borer (Batocera rufomaculata):<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                              \n
                                            • Apply monocrotophos 36 WSC (10 mL\/tree) via padding.<\/li>\n
                                            • Apply carbofuran 3G (5 g\/bore hole) and plug with mud.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                              Fruit Fly (Bactrocera spp.):<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                \n
                                              • Plough interspaces to expose pupae.<\/li>\n
                                              • Use methyl eugenol traps; remove and bury fallen fruits.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                                                \n
                                                Major Diseases of Mango and Their Management<\/div>\n
                                                Powdery Mildew (Oidium mangiferae):<\/strong><\/p>\n
                                                  \n
                                                • Apply sulphur dust (350 mesh) in early morning.<\/li>\n
                                                • Spray wettable sulphur 0.2% or tridemorph 0.05%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                  Anthracnose and Stalk\/End Rot (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides):<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                    \n
                                                  • Spray mancozeb 0.2% or carbendazim 0.1% preharvest, 3 times at 15-day intervals.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                    Sooty Mould (Capnodium spp.):<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                                      \n
                                                    • Spray dimecron 0.03% + maida 5% (1 kg maida\/starch boiled in 1 L water, diluted to 20 L).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                                                      \n
                                                      Integrated Management Practices and Summary<\/div>\n
                                                      \n
                                                        \n
                                                      • Adopt integrated pest and disease management (IPDM) for sustainable mango production.<\/li>\n
                                                      • Combine cultural, chemical, and biological methods for effective control.<\/li>\n
                                                      • Regular monitoring and timely interventions are crucial.<\/li>\n
                                                      • Use resistant varieties and proper orchard sanitation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                                                        <\/div>\n
                                                        <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                                                        \n

                                                        Objective Questions<\/h2>\n
                                                        Q1. Which chemical is used for flower induction in mango?\nA. Paclobutrazol\nB. Mancozeb\nC. Fenthion\nD. Carbofuron\nAnswer: A\n\nQ2. Which type of mango malformation is more common in nursery seedlings and young plants?\nA. Floral malformation\nB. Vegetative malformation\nC. Black tip\nD. Spongy tissue\nAnswer: B\n\nQ3. What is the main cause of black tip disorder in mango?\nA. High temperature\nB. Smoke from brick-kilns\nC. Insect infestation\nD. Boron deficiency\nAnswer: B\n\nQ4. Which mango disorder is specific to the Alphonso variety?\nA. Black tip\nB. Spongy tissue\nC. Clustering (Jhumka)\nD. Mango malformation\nAnswer: B\n\nQ5. Which growth regulator is recommended at 50 ppm to reduce fruit drop in mango?\nA. 2,4-D\nB. NAA\nC. Paclobutrazol\nD. Tridemorph\nAnswer: B\n\nQ6. Which pest can be controlled by spraying phosalone 0.05% or carbaryl 2 g\/litre?\nA. Nut weevil\nB. Mango hopper\nC. Fruit fly\nD. Stem borer\nAnswer: B\n\nQ7. What is the recommended method to control stem borer in mango trees?\nA. Ploughing interspaces\nB. Padding with monocrotophos\nC. Spraying Mancozeb\nD. Spraying sulphur dust\nAnswer: B\n\nQ8. Which practice helps reduce the incidence of spongy tissue in Alphonso mango?\nA. Spraying borax\nB. Sod culture and mulching\nC. Raising chimney height\nD. Application of NAA\nAnswer: B\n\nQ9. Which disease is managed by spraying Mancozeb 0.2% or Carbendezim 0.1% preharvest?\nA. Powdery mildew\nB. Sooty mould\nC. Anthracnose\nD. Black tip\nAnswer: C\n\nQ10. What is a characteristic symptom of clustering (Jhumka) in mango?\nA. Blackened fruit tip\nB. Spongy yellowish flesh\nC. Cluster of fruitlets at panicle tip\nD. Compact leaves in a bunch\nAnswer: C<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
                                                        This lecture covers the major problems, physiological disorders, pests, diseases, and integrated management practices in mango cultivation. Key issues such as alternate bearing, mango malformation, and spongy tissue are discussed, along with important pests and diseases affecting mango. Emphasis is placed on effective management strategies to ensure sustainable production and improved fruit quality. Important academic […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[116],"tags":[156,1080,372,1072,1079],"class_list":["post-5819","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ppt-agriculture","tag-diseases","tag-integrated-management","tag-mango","tag-pests","tag-physiological-disorders"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.agriglance.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5819","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.agriglance.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.agriglance.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.agriglance.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.agriglance.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5819"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.agriglance.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5819\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.agriglance.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5819"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.agriglance.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5819"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.agriglance.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5819"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}