This presentation covers the history, botanical classification, nutritional benefits, and cultivation practices of tomatoes, scientifically known as Solanum lycopersicum. It highlights their significance in agriculture and cuisine worldwide.
Introduction to Tomato
- Submitted to: Dr. Ijaz Rassol Noorka
- Submitted by: Sobia Kanwal
- Course: BAGF12MO10
Botanical Classification
- Scientific Name: Solanum lycopersicum L.
- Order: Solanales
- Family: Solanaceae
History and Origin
- Originated in the South American Andes.
- Introduced to Europe in the 16th century.
- Spread to Asia, Africa, and the Middle East.
Common Names
- Tomate (Spain, France)
- Tomat (Indonesia)
- Faan ke’e (China)
- Jitomate (Mexico)
- Pomodoro (Italy)
Nutritional Value
- Rich in vitamins and minerals.
- Contains essential amino acids and dietary fibers.
- High in vitamin B, C, iron, and phosphorus.
Botanical Structure
- Roots: Tap root system, depth of 50cm or more.
- Stem: Erect to prostate, 2-4 m tall.
- Leaves: Spirally arranged, 15-50 cm long.
Fruit and Seed Characteristics
- Fruits: Fleshy berry, 2-15 cm in diameter.
- Seeds: Numerous, kidney-shaped, 3-5mm long.
- Ripe fruits range from yellow to red.
Cultivation Conditions
- Optimal temperature: 21C-23C.
- Grows well in various soil types.
- pH level: 7-8 for best results.
Cultivation Practices
- Seed rate: 300-400 g/ha for nursery.
- Transplanting in July, October-November, and February.
- Watering: Twice daily for germination.
Pest Management
- Common pests: Tomato fruit worm, white fly, aphid.
- Control methods include spraying Bacillus and Rogor.
- Regular monitoring is essential.
Disease Management
- Common diseases: Damping off, leaf curl, early blight.
- Management strategies include proper sanitation.
- Regular crop rotation helps reduce disease incidence.
Breeding Behavior
- Tomato is self-fertile but requires cross-pollination.
- Pollinators include bees and manual methods.
- Emasculation and tagging are common practices.
Breeding Objectives
- Develop early and high-yielding varieties.
- Focus on disease-resistant and storage-friendly varieties.
- Enhance processing suitability.
Global Production Statistics
| Country | Production (Million Tons) |
|---|---|
| China | 48.6 |
| India | 16.8 |
| USA | 12.6 |
Registered Varieties in Pakistan
- Ajax
- Cardinal
- Desiree
- Faisalabad red
- Laale Faisal
Culinary Uses of Tomato
- Used in various dishes globally.
- Popular in pizzas, sandwiches, and cocktails.
- Offers numerous nutritional benefits.
Health Benefits of Tomatoes
- Rich in vitamins and minerals.
- Supports heart health and vision.
- Contains anti-cancer properties.
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Author: admin
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